{"id":25,"date":"2015-06-29T15:13:01","date_gmt":"2015-06-29T15:13:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aadev22.local\/?page_id=25"},"modified":"2026-05-01T09:08:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-01T16:08:10","slug":"practices-timeline","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/agile101\/practices-timeline\/","title":{"rendered":"Agile Practices Timeline"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"25\" class=\"elementor elementor-25\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#00799E\" data-dce-background-overlay-image-url=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/agile-alliance-abstract-banner.jpg\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a76a4a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a76a4a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-954d4b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"954d4b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AGILE 101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bf2c97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bf2c97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices Timeline<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f741bb1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f741bb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3090434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3090434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Trace\u00a0the history and evolution of Agile from its roots in 1968, and learn how it has evolved through the years.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcb541e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fcb541e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-145dd91 elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-align-center elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"145dd91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#top\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">1968 \u2013 1999<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#2000\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2000 \u2013 2001<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#2002\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2002 \u2013 2003<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#2004\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2004 \u2013 2006<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#2007\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">2007 \u2013 Present<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#200F3B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb30e44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb30e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices from 1968-1999<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-095e8cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"095e8cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7940971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-timeline\" data-id=\"7940971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-timeline jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-timeline jet-timeline--align-center jet-timeline--align-middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline__line\"><div class=\"jet-timeline__line-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline-list\"><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-c785b60 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1968<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Conway\u2019s Law<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>\u201cConway\u2019s Law\u201d is coined and summarized as follows: \u201cAny organization that designs a system (defined more broadly here than just information systems) will inevitably produce a design whose structure is a copy of the organization\u2019s communication structure.\u201d It has long had the status of folklore rather than of well-supported scientific result, though recent studies have lent it some academic support. (The social aspects of software development remained largely ignored by academic software engineering until the mid-90\u2019s.)<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1968<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-633e29b jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1970s<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Wideband Delphi<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Barry Boehm proposes \u201cWideband Delphi\u201d, a forerunner of Planning Poker.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1970s<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-1776e76 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1976<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Automated Unit Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>A series of articles by D. Panzl describing tools with features closely resembling those of JUnit attest to the long history of automated unit testing.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/portal.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=807721\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1976<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-74642a0 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1976<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Software Reliability<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Publication of Software Reliability by Glenford Myers, which states as an \u201caxiom\u201d that \u201ca developer should never test their own code\u201d (Dark Ages of Developer Testing).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.fr\/dp\/0471627658\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">View the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1976<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-c2e1ce1 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1977<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Automating Software Builds<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Creation of the \u201cmake\u201d tool for Unix systems \u2013 the principle of automating software builds is not a new idea.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/automated-build\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1977<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-dcd7dde jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1980<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Principles of software engineering<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Substantial discussion of incremental development in IBM\u2019s Federal Systems Division can be found in a volume edited by Harlan Mills, \u201dPrinciples of software engineering\u201d, specifically an article by Dyer, which recommends organizing \u201ceach increment to maximize the separation of its function(s) from function(s) in other increments\u201d; however, the idea is still very much that of a scheduled, phased approach rather than one responsive to change.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/trace.tennessee.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&#038;context=utk_harlan\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1980<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-4cfb3b1 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1980<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Visual Control<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The notion of \u201cvisual control\u201d originating in the Toyota Production System is an anticipation of \u201cinformation radiators.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1980<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-c7b6021 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1983<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Human Factors Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>A wide range of \u201chuman factors testing\u201d techniques foreshadowing usability testing, used at the Xerox PARC during the design of the Xerox Star, are described in the CHI conference proceedings.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/billverplank.com\/bewley83.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1983<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-4f5237b jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Prototyping vs. specifying<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An early empirical study by Barry Boehm of projects using prototyping, by essence an iterative strategy, suggests that iterative approaches first started receiving serious attention around that time, most probably driven by factors such as the rise of personal computers and graphical user interfaces.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.5555\/800054.802007\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-e3d1325 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Thinking forth<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The notion of \u201cfactoring\u201d, an anticipation of refactoring, is described in Brodie\u2019s \u201cThinking Forth\u201d, where it is presented as \u201corganizing code into useful fragments\u201d which \u201coccurs during detailed design and implementation.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/thinking-forth.sourceforge.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-d5b1eb2 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Knowledge-based communication processes in software engineering\u201d<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>While criticisms of the \u201cwaterfall\u201d sequential approach have started much earlier, formulations of alternative incremental approaches are becoming more pointed; a good example is an early paper on \u201dKnowledge-based communication processes in software engineering\u201d advocating incremental development for the specific reason that \u201ccomplete and stable specifications are not available.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=801993\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1984<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-cb16312 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1985<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\"> Evolutionary Delivery Model<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Perhaps the first explicitly named, incremental alternative to the \u201cwaterfall\u201d approach is Tom Gilb\u2019s Evolutionary Delivery Model, nicknamed \u201cEvo.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=1012490\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1985<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-ba2301f jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1986<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">A Spiral model of software development and enhancement<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>In a well-known paper, Barry Boehm presents \u201dA Spiral model of software development and enhancement\u201d, an iterative model geared to identifying and reducing risks through any appropriate approaches (though the \u201ctypical\u201d example presented is based on prototyping).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=12944.12948\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1986<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-f67e970 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1986<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Scrum Framework Inspiration<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Takeuchi and Nonaka publish their article \u201dThe New New Product Development Game\u201d in Harvard Business Review. The article describes a rugby approach where \u201cthe product development process emerges from the constant interaction of a hand-picked, multidisciplinary team whose members work together from start to finish.\u201d This article is often cited as the inspiration for the Scrum framework.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=12944.12948\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1986<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-a93e5dc jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988-1990<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">\u201cCapture and Replay\u201d test automation<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The rise of event-driven GUI software and their specific testing challenges create an opportunity for \u201ccapture and replay\u201d test automation tools provided by companies such as Segue or Mercury; this type of tool dominates the market for the next decade.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988-1990<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-cffa8f2 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Rapid Iterative Production Prototyping<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201ctimebox\u201d is described as a cornerstone of Scott Schultz\u2019s \u201cRapid Iterative Production Prototyping\u201d approach in use at a Du Pont spin-off, Information Engineering Associates.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-adaad99 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Anthropomorphic metaphors<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Though the idea of reasoning through design issues by anthropomorphizing objects, as in the CRC technique, may seem quite natural, it has had some formidable detractors, for instance this artlce by Dijsktra \u201dOn the cruelty of really teaching computing science\u201d, which appears just as object-oriented is hitting the mainstream: \u201cin computing science the anthropomorphic metaphor should be banned.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.utexas.edu\/~EWD\/transcriptions\/EWD10xx\/EWD1036.html\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1988<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-9e8043f jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1989<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Object-Oriented Thinking<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Ward Cunningham describes the CRC technique in a joint article with Kent Beck; the specific format used for the cards derives from an application designed by Cunningham to store design documentation as a Hypercard stack.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/c2.com\/doc\/oopsla89\/paper.html\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1989<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-611ee0a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Refactoring<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Bill Opdyke coins the term \u201crefactoring\u201d in an ACM SIGPLAN paper with Ralph Johnson, \u201cRefactoring: An aid in designing application frameworks and evolving object-oriented systems.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-d8d15b9 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Black Box Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Testing discipline dominated by \u201cblack box\u201d techniques, in particular in the form of \u201ccapture and replay\u201d testing tools.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-e39b409 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990s<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">\u201cmake\u201d tools lose favor<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Owing to the rise in popularity of RAD tools and IDEs, \u201cmake\u201d type tools acquire a mixed reputation.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1990s<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-1ad1f44 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1991<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Rapid Application Development<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>RAD, possibly the first approach in which timeboxing and \u201citerations\u201d in the looser sense of \u201cone repetition of the entire software development process\u201d are closely combined, is described by James Martin in his \u201dRapid Application Development\u201d. This book also describes the details of the timebox in one of its chapters.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0023767758\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1991<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-67012af jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1991<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Testing Frameworks<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Independent creation of a testing framework at Taligent with striking similarities to SUnit (source).<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/shebanator.com\/2007\/08\/21\/a-brief-history-of-test-frameworks\/\" target=\"_blank\">View source<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1991<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-cd45415 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1992<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Dynamic Duo Coding<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>\u201cDynamic Duo\u201d is the term coined by Larry Constantine, reporting on a visit to Whitesmiths Inc., a compiler vendor started by P.J. Plauger, one of the implementors of C: \u201cAt each terminal were two programmers! Of course, only one programmer was actually cutting code at each keyboard, but the others were peering over their shoulders.\u201d Whitesmiths existed from 1978 to 1988.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1992<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-d852f2e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1992<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Refactoring object-oriented frameworks<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>A comprehensive description of \u201crefactoring\u201d is presented in Opdyke\u2019s thesis, \u201cRefactoring object-oriented frameworks.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1992<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-df1c039 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">The benefits of collaboration for student programmers<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>\u201cThe benefits of collaboration for student programmers\u201d by Wilson et al. is one early empirical study indicating benefits of pairing for programming tasks specifically. Posterior studies are more abundant and driven by the desire to \u201cvalidate\u201d pair programming after it had already gained popularity through Extreme Programming.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-38cf7c7 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Stand-Up Meeting pattern.<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Jim Coplien writes the original Stand-Up Meeting pattern.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"\/glossary\/daily-meeting\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-3b6359b jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Continuous Integration<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The phrase \u201ccontinuous integration\u201d is already in use and thus predates what will later be known as Agile processes, for instance an article written this year contrasts it with \u201cscheduled\u201d integration, and recommends the latter, citing \u201clack of thorough testing\u201d as one issue with continuous integration; this helps explain why the automated testing favored by Agile teams is an enabler for continuous integration.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-eb2c9e4 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Invention of Scrum<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Jeff Sutherland invents Scrum as a process at Easel Corporation.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-c6f5ce2 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Daily Meetings<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Jim Coplien, describing his observations of the \u201chyperproductive\u201d Borland Quattro Pro team, notes their reliance on almost daily meetings: \u201cthe project was made more of meetings than anything else\u201d; this article is also cited as a strong influence on Scrum.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/daily-meeting\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1993<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-9275174 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1994<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">SUnit testing framework for Smalltalk<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Kent Beck writes the SUnit testing framework for Smalltalk.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.macqueen.us\/smalltalkReport\/ST\/91_95\/SMAL0402.PDF\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1994<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-e4ba713 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Organizational Patterns<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Coplien names the \u201cCode Ownership\u201d pattern in Pattern Languages of Program Design, in an early version of his \u201cOrganizational Patterns\u201d, a work influential in the later development of Agile discourse. However, he endorses exclusive individual code ownership, and cautions against collective ownership which he equates to no ownership at all. Coplien admits that objections against individual ownership exist, but argues that other of his patterns mitigate those problems.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/2g9T3cY\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-f7815d0 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Growth of human factors in application development<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An article by Alistair Cockburn, \u201dGrowth of human factors in application development\u201d, suggests one major reason why iterative approaches gradually gain acceptance: the bottleneck in software development is shifting to (individual and organizational) learning, and human learning is intrinsically an iterative, trial and error process.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/alistair.cockburn.us\/Growth+of+human+factors+in+application+development\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-b29bf54 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Invention of Wikis<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Based on the same inspiration as CRC cards, Ward Cunningham develops the concept of a Wiki, which will later become the ancestor of Wikipedia and undoubtedly one of the most influential ideas in the history of the World Wide Web.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-1b7edcb jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Sprint as iteration<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The earliest writings on Scrum introduce the notion of the \u201csprint\u201d as iteration, although its duration is variable.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/summary?doi=10.1.1.86.4164\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-dc5422e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Alexandrian Form<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The pattern \u201cDeveloping in Pairs\u201d is given a brief description, in Alexandrian pattern form, in Jim Coplien\u2019s chapter \u201cA Generative Development-Process Pattern Language\u201d from the first patterns book, \u201cPattern Languages of Program Design.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/c2.com\/cgi\/wiki?AlexandrianForm\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-45e15ef jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Antipatterns<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Andrew Koenig originally coined the term antipattern in the March \u2013 April 1995 edition of the Journal of Object Oriented Program: \u201cAn antipattern is just like a pattern, except that instead of a solution it gives something that looks superficially like a solution, but isn\u2019t one.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/antipattern\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-d66fc5e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Antipatterns<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Andrew Koenig originally coined the term antipattern in the March \u2013 April 1995 edition of the Journal of Object Oriented Program: \u201cAn antipattern is just like a pattern, except that instead of a solution it gives something that looks superficially like a solution, but isn\u2019t one.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/antipattern\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-5b9ecb8 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Formal Introduction of Scrum<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland co-present Scrum at the OOPSLA Conference.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1995<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-ec8c10c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1996<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Daily Build and Smoke Test<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Steve McConnell describes the \u201cDaily Build and Smoke Test\u201d technique, used at Microsoft for Windows NT 3.0 during the 1990\u2019s; the emphasis is not so much on the automation as on the frequency, the daily cycle being at that time considered \u201cextreme.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.stevemcconnell.com\/ieeesoftware\/bp04.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1996<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-df0e60d jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1996<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Acceptance Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Automated tests are a practice of Extreme Programming, without much emphasis on the distinction between unit and acceptance testing, and with no particular notation or tool recommended.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/acceptance\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1996<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-1a3228c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Daily Scrum<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Ken Schwaber describes the \u201cdaily scrum\u201d (which does not appear in his earlier writings, such as the 1995 article \u201cSCRUM Development Process\u201d), this is later recast in pattern form by Mike Beedle.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jeffsutherland.org\/objwld98\/scrum_pattern.html\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-7d45d9d jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Working in Increments<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>In \u201dSurviving Object-Oriented Projects\u201d, Alistair Cockburn describes several projects (dating as far back as 1993) informally using the practice, but does not give it a label; he summarizes it as \u201cWork in increments, focus after each.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0201498340\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-50830a5 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">JUnit Testing Tool<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The testing tool JUnit is written by Beck and Gamma, inspired by Beck\u2019s earlier work on SUnit; its growing popularity over the next few years marks the end of the \u201ccapture and replay\u201d era.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1997<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-1310fac jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998 \u2013 2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Test First becomes Test Driven<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>\u201cTest First\u201d is elaborated into \u201cTest Driven\u201d, in particular on the C2.com Wiki.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/c2.com\/cgi\/wiki?TestDrivenDevelopment\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998 \u2013 2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-57a4c42 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Continuous Integration<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Continuous integration and the \u201cdaily stand-up\u201d are listed among the core practices of Extreme Programming.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-9f17adb jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">The Patterns Handbook<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Linda Rising reprints Keonig\u2019s definition of antipattern in \"The Patterns Handbook: Techniques, Strategies, and Applications.\"<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/2nT2nbC\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-48d4397 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Antipatterns term Popularized<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The book \"AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis\" popularized the term antipattern.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/amzn.to\/2mWaNiX\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-5c0163e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Extreme Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The earliest article about Extreme Programming, \u201cChrysler goes to Extremes\u201d, describes several XP practices such as self-chosen tasks, test first, three week iterations, collective code ownership, and pair programming.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/faculty.salisbury.edu\/~xswang\/Research\/Papers\/SERelated\/XP\/dc9810cs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1998<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-ac84a17 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">System Metaphor<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Early on in the elaboration of Extreme Programming, the \u201cSystem Metaphor\u201d practice is proposed to address the issues of business-technical translation and cognitive friction, however the practice is poorly understood and fails to catch on.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-ec20f23 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">iterative and incremental<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>In an article for the C++ Report, Robert C. Martin gives what is perhaps the earliest description of the Agile sense of the terms \u201citerative\u201d and \u201cincremental.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.objectmentor.com\/resources\/articles\/IIDII.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-a623323 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Personas<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Personas are first described in one chapter of Alan Cooper\u2019s \u201cThe Inmates are Running the Asylum\u201d, building on prior work in \u201cGoal-Directed design.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Inmates-Are-Running-Asylum-Products\/dp\/B001CBPOPM\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-b25733d jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Simple Design<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201crules of simple design\u201d are described for the first time in an IEEE Computer article by Kent Beck, \u201cEmbracing Change with Extreme Programming\u201d, summarizing earlier discussions on the OTUG mailing list.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/xpl\/login.jsp?tp=&#038;arnumber=796139&#038;url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D796139\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-53d8f84 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Refactoring Popularized<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The practice of \u201crefactoring\u201d, incorporated a few years earlier into Extreme Programming, is popularized by Martin Fowler\u2019s book of the same name.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Refactoring-Improving-Design-Existing-Code\/dp\/0201485672\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-2129b92 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Big Visible Chart<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cBig Visible Chart\u201d is coined by Kent Beck in \u201cExtreme Programming Explained\u201d, though later attributed by Beck to Martin Fowler.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item jet-timeline-item--animated elementor-repeater-item-2af810b jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Gummi Bears<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The unit \u201cGummi Bears\u201d, an alternative to \u201cstory points\u201d for estimating user stories, is first mentioned by Ron Jeffries (later attributed to an XP project led by Joseph Pelrine).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">1999<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-894fd83 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"894fd83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"2000\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#200F3B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b95e294 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b95e294\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices from 2000-2001<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7a9195 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e7a9195\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e65e0bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-timeline\" data-id=\"e65e0bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-timeline jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-timeline jet-timeline--align-center jet-timeline--align-middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline__line\"><div class=\"jet-timeline__line-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline-list\"><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-4f915c4 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Three Questions<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201cthree questions\u201d of Scrum\u2019s daily meeting format are largely adopted by Extreme Programming teams.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-99578f6 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Driver and Navigator Roles<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The roles of Driver and Navigator are introduced to help explain pair programming; the earliest known reference is a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tech.groups.yahoo.com\/group\/extremeprogramming\/message\/12405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mailing list posting<\/a>.\u00a0Note, however, that the reality of these roles has been disputed, for instance, Sallyann Bryant\u2019s article \u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1071581907000456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pair programming and the mysterious role of the navigator<\/a>.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-edfdcd5 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">continuous integration<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An article by Martin Fowler provides perhaps the\u00a0most complete description\u00a0of the continuous integration practice available at that time.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/articles\/continuousIntegration.html\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-4d293fc jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Mock Objects Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230306100330\/https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/mocks\/\">mock objects<\/a>\u201d testing technique is described by Freeman, McKinnon and Craig in their article \u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/dl.acm.org\/citation.cfm?id=377534\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Endo-Testing: Unit Testing with Mock Objects<\/a>\u201d, an allusion to the \u201cMock Turtle\u201d character in Lewis Carroll.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ef7d1b5 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Burndown Chart<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The\u00a0<a href=\"\/glossary\/burndown-chart\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">burndown chart<\/a> is first described by Ken Schwaber, who invented it while working at Fidelity Investments in an <a href=\"http:\/\/groups.yahoo.com\/group\/scrumdevelopment\/message\/16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attempt<\/a> to provide Scrum teams with a simple tool kit; he described it formally <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20010503112119\/www.controlchaos.com\/sburndown.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on his website<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ef3f1d2 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Velocity in Extreme Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cvelocity\u201d is a relatively late addition to Extreme Programming,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tech.groups.yahoo.com\/group\/extremeprogramming\/message\/365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">replacing<\/a>\u00a0a previous notion of \u201cload factor\u201d deemed overly\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/c2.com\/cgi\/wiki?VelocityVsLoadFactor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complex<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-b552a53 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000s<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Build Automation Revival<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Even though the practice is far from new, nor limited to Agile teams, it is partly due to Agile practices that a revival of \u201cmake\u201d type\u00a0<a href=\"\/glossary\/automated-build\/\">build automation<\/a>\u00a0takes place.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2000s<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-cd0740a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">February 11-13, 2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Agile Manifesto for Software Development<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>17 people who develop software and help others do it met at The Lodge at Snowbird ski resort in the Wasatch mountains of Utah to find common ground among their different approaches to software development. The outcome of this meeting is the <a href=\"\/agile101\/the-agile-manifesto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manifesto for Agile Software Development<\/a>. Several members of those discussions went on to found the Agile Alliance.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"\/agile101\/the-agile-manifesto\/\">Read the Agile Manifesto<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">February 11-13, 2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-88e2c05 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Publication of the Agile Manifesto<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An avowed member of the \u201ccontext-driven\u201d school of software testing, Brian Marick participated in the Snowbird event leading to the publication of the Agile Manifesto; he has often described himself as the \u201ctoken tester\u201d of the group, bringing some awareness of practices within exploratory testing to the Agile community.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-3390b49 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Regular Retrospectives<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Regular retrospectives are one of the principles of the\u00a0<a href=\"\/agile101\/the-agile-manifesto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Agile Manifesto<\/a>: \u201cAt regular intervals, the team reflects on how to become more effective, then tunes and adjusts its behavior accordingly\u201d, though not necessarily yet common practice.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-13e941e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Lean Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Mary Poppendieck\u2019s article, \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230306100330\/http:\/\/drdobbs.com\/architecture-and-design\/184414734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lean Programming<\/a>\u201d, draws attention to the structural parallels between Agile and the ideas known as Lean or the \u201cToyota Production System.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-7794c8a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Cruise Control<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p><a href=\"http:\/\/cruisecontrol.sourceforge.net\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cruise Control<\/a>, the first \u201ccontinuous integration server\u201d, is published under an open source license; it automates monitoring of the source code repository, triggering the build and test process, notifications of the results to the developers, and archival of the test reports; the period 2001-2007 sees a large number of similar tools appear, leading perhaps to an excessive focus on tools over practice.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-dc0e5cf jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Energy Seismograph<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Among the visualizations described in Norm Kerth\u2019s \u201cProject Retrospectives\u201d, the \u201cEnergy Seismograph\u201d can perhaps be seen as a forerunner of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/niko-niko\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">niko-niko calendar<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-1f055bc jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">relative and absolute estimation<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An\u00a0article\u00a0by Bill Wake points out two distinct flavors of estimation in use among Agile teams, relative and absolute estimation.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/xp123.com\/agile-project-management-xp-style\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-964a8b6 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Refactoring Becomes Accepted<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Refactoring \u201ccrosses the Rubicon\u201d, an expression of Martin Fowler describing the wide availability of automated aids to refactoring in IDEs for the language Java.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/martinfowler.com\/articles\/refactoringRubicon.html\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-32e5f43 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Context-driven software testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Some techniques of exploratory testing, together with a first mention of the \u201ccontext-driven school of software testing\u201d, are introduced in Kaner, Bach, and Pettichord\u2019s \u201dLessons Learned in Software Testing.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0471081124\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-18d3614 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Quick Design Session<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-header-block\"><div id=\"timeline-item-8749\" class=\"timeline-header\"><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\" data-ultimate-target=\"#timeline-item-8749 .timeline-item-spt\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{&quot;font-size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;line-height&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">The term \u201c<a href=\"\/glossary\/quickdesign\/\">quick design session<\/a>\u201d is described in \u201dExtreme Programming Installed.\u201d<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-block \"><div class=\"timeline-icon-block\"><div class=\"ult-timeline-icon tl-icon-no-bg\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-header-block\"><div id=\"timeline-item-2418\" class=\"timeline-header\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0201708426\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-8da8252 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">role-feature-reason<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201c<a href=\"\/glossary\/role-feature\/\">role-feature-reason<\/a>\u201d format for expressing user stories was invented at <a href=\"http:\/\/agilecoach.typepad.com\/photos\/connextra_user_story_2001\/connextrastorycard.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Connextra in the UK<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-b569057 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Scrum of Scrums<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Scrum of Scrums is first described (summarizing experiences at IDX) in an article by Jeff Sutherland,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/jeffsutherland.com\/papers\/scrum\/Sutherland2001AgileCanScaleCutter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Agile Can Scale: Inventing and Reinventing SCRUM in Five Companies<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-b6d779c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">retrospectives endorsed at XP 2001<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The XP community endorses retrospectives early on, by way of a paper at XP2001 on \u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.151.2351&amp;rep=rep1&amp;type=pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adaptation: XP Style<\/a>.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-dec119c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Card, Conversation, Confirmation\u00a0model<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Card, Conversation, Confirmation\u00a0model is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ronjeffries.com\/xprog\/articles\/expcardconversationconfirmation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">proposed<\/a> by Ron Jeffries to distinguish \u201csocial\u201d user stories from \u201cdocumentary\u201d requirements practices, such as use cases.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-1a5d359 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Project Chartering<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The article, which will later come to largely define project chartering as an Agile practice, is published: \u201cImmunizing Against Predictable Project Failure.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.industriallogic.com\/papers\/Chartering.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the paper<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-8d76c06 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">reflection workshop<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The first description of a \u201creflection workshop\u201d in the context of an Agile project appears in Alistair Cockburn\u2019s \u201dAgile Software Development.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0201699699\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ea074d1 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Project Retrospectives<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cProject Retrospectives\u201d is introduced in Norm Kerth\u2019s book of the same name.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.informit.com\/?ranMID=24808\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-d1a8e2e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">information radiator<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cinformation radiator\u201d was coined by <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230606235941\/https:\/\/www.informit.com\/articles\/article.aspx?p=24486\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Alistair Cockburn<\/a>, part of an extended metaphor which equates the movement of information with the dispersion of heat and gas.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2001<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016109b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"016109b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"2002\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#200F3B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34760aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"34760aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices from 2002 - 2003<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a7405d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3a7405d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc84bc3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-timeline\" data-id=\"fc84bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-timeline jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-timeline jet-timeline--align-center jet-timeline--align-middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline__line\"><div class=\"jet-timeline__line-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline-list\"><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-06a29f9 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Pair Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>\u201dPair Programming Illuminated\u201d, by Laurie Williams and Robert Kessler, is the first book devoted exclusively to the practice and discusses its theory, practice, and the various studies up to that date.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0201745763\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-b0ff823 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">acceptance testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Ward Cunningham, one of the inventors of Extreme Programming, publishes Fit, a tool for <a href=\"\/glossary\/acceptance\/\">acceptance testing<\/a> based on a tabular, Excel-like notation.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-071c52c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Definition of Done<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An early article by Bill Wake calls attention to the possible inconsistencies arising from terms commonly used within teams, such as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/definition-of-done\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">done<\/a>,\u201d among others.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/xp123.com\/coaching-drills-and-exercises\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-d2d5e24 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Personas<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An early practitioner\u2019s report discusses personas within the broader context: Jeff Patton\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/604251.604255\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cHitting the Target: Adding Interaction Design to Agile Software Development\u201d<\/a> is perhaps the first formal description in an Agile context, although the topic has been discussed informally on mailing lists since at least 2000.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/604251.604255\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-512bd60 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">continuous deployment<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>In early (unpublished) discussions of applying Lean ideas to software, seeing undeployed features as \u201cinventory\u201d, Kent Beck mentions continuous deployment at LifeWare and \u201cseveral others\u201d; it will take several years, however, for the idea to be refined and codified.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-623c0bf jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Velocity<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Scrum community picks up the practice of measuring \u201cvelocity.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-7613eeb jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Burndown & Burnup<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The burndown gains popularity among the Scrum community, as well as alternatives such as the \u201cburnup\u201d which merely inverts the vertical direction, or the more sophisticated \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/http:\/\/www.featuredrivendevelopment.com\/node\/515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cumulative Flow Diagram<\/a>\u201d, which most closely resembles a burnup but appears to be an independent invention.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.featuredrivendevelopment.com\/node\/515\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ab70c6c jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Planning Poker<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The current form of Planning Poker is set out in an article by James Grenning.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/wingman-sw.com\/articles\/planning-poker\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-af73cfa jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">CRC cards\u00a0<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Rebecca Wirfs-Brock and Alan McKean popularized CRC cards through their book on responsibility-driven design, \u201cObject Design: Roles, Responsibilities and Collaborators.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Object-Design-Roles-Responsibilities-Collaborations\/dp\/0201379430\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the boook<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2002<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-44c3627 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Industrial XP<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Joshua Kerievsky at Industrial Logic publishes \u201dIndustrial XP\u201d, a set of proposed extensions to Extreme Programming, which includes the Project Chartering activity, essentially as defined by the 2001 article.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210414015633\/http:\/\/industrialxp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-df55039 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">AgileDox<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>AgileDox, the ancestor of BDD, is a tool generating technical documentation automatically from JUnit tests, written by Chris Stevenson.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agiledox.sourceforge.net\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-f008dcd jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">FitNesse<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Bob Martin combines Fit with Wikis (another invention of Ward Cunningham\u2019s), creating FitNesse.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-0ec8b5e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003-2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Fit\/FitNesse Combo<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Fit\/FitNesse combo eclipses most other tools and becomes the mainstream model for Agile acceptance testing.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003-2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-75f8aef jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Acceptance Test Driven Development (ATDD)<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Kent Beck briefly mentions <a href=\"\/glossary\/atdd\/\">ATDD<\/a> in the book \u201cTest Driven Development: By Example\u201d but dismisses it as impractical. In spite of Beck\u2019s objections, ATDD becomes accepted practice due in part to the popularity of Fit\/FitNesse.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-d673434 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Ping-Pong Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An anonymous article on the C2 Wiki describes <a href=\"https:\/\/wiki.c2.com\/?PairProgrammingPingPongPattern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ping-Pong Programming<\/a>, a moderately popular variant that marries pairing with test-driven development.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-46d510f jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">The Story of Done<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Early Scrum <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20090206155846\/http:\/\/otug.org\/meeting\/200311\/slides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">training materials<\/a> hint at the future importance of the \u201cDefinition of Done\u201d, initially only in the form of a slide title: \u201cThe story of Done.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-9126ce6 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Agile Task Board<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Expanding on their earlier work on Lean Programming, Mary and Tom Poppendieck\u2019s book \u201dLean Software Development\u201d describes the Agile <a href=\"\/glossary\/taskboard\/\">task board<\/a> as a \u201csoftware kanban system.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0321150783\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-0598e6a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Test Driven Development<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Publication of \u201cTest Driven Development: By Example\u201d by Kent Beck<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Test-Driven-Development-Kent-Beck\/dp\/0321146530\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-6e38364 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">project & iteration retrospectives<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Thanks in good part to sessions at the XP Day cycle of conferences, more teams start practicing project and iteration retrospectives.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ae51f9f jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">INVEST<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The INVEST checklist for quickly evaluating user stories originates in an article by Bill Wake, which also repurposed the acronym SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-boxed) for tasks resulting from the technical decomposition of user stories.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/xp123.com\/articles\/invest-in-good-stories-and-smart-tasks\/\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-7ff54a2 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">scrum task board<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The five-column scrum task board format is described by Mike Cohn on his website; at the time, very diverse variants still abounded.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mountaingoatsoftware.com\/agile\/scrum\/scrum-tools\/task-boards\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-61099cd jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Nebulous Units of Time<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cNebulous Units of Time\u201d or NUTs is coined by Joshua Kerievsky as an alternative to \u201cstory points.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-b7f5247 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Domain-Driven Design<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The term \u201cdomain-driven design\u201d was coined by Eric Evans and described in his book of the same name, eventually emerging as a viable alternative to the \u201cSystem Metaphor.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0321125215\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2003<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3e166 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0d3e166\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"2004\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#200F3B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-248fe65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"248fe65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices from 2004 - 2006<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b79357 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6b79357\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1553ca5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-timeline\" data-id=\"1553ca5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-timeline jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-timeline jet-timeline--align-center jet-timeline--align-middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline__line\"><div class=\"jet-timeline__line-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline-list\"><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-cf0d60e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004 \u2013 2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Daily Meetings<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The daily meeting is generalized as a core Agile practice, and with widespread use of task boards, gains one final key guideline, \u201chold the daily meeting near the task board\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071110015338\/http:\/\/agilethinking.net\/blog\/2006\/08\/10\/the-argentina-scrum-adventure-day-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">described,<\/a> for instance, by Tobias Mayer).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004 \u2013 2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-9519059 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Whole Team<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Kent Beck proposes \u201cWhole Team\u201d as the new denomination for the practice previously known as \u201cOn-Site Customer.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-449e2b0 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Extreme Feedback Devices<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An article by Alberto Savoia proposes \u201cExtreme Feedback Devices\u201d such as lava lamps or dedicated monitors, to display the results of the most recent integration, an important innovation in CI.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/developertesting.com\/archives\/month200404\/20040401-eXtremeFeedbackForSoftwareDevelopment.html\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-a74e442 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">JBehave<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>To test his hypotheses about de-emphasizing \u201ctest\u201d terminology in favor of \u201cbehavior\u201d, Dan North releases JBehave.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210418151757\/https:\/\/jbehave.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-92a7029 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">User Stories applied<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The INVEST acronym is among the techniques recommended in Mike Cohn\u2019s \u201dUser Stories applied\u201d, which discusses it at length in Chapter 2.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0321205685\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2004<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-d4d87ce jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Agile Estimating and Planning<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Planning Poker technique is popularized in the Scrum community, as are a number of planning techniques, by Mike Cohn\u2019s \u201cAgile Estimating and Planning.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0131479415\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-d1b7e71 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Backlog Refinement<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The earliest recorded use of the term \"<a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/backlog-refinement\/\">backlog refinement<\/a>\" (aka \"backlog grooming\") is from Mike Cohn on the Scrum development mailing list; it will be several years before the practice is described more formally.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-395b97a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Definition of done<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The first exercises inviting Scrum trainees to reflect on their (local) \u201cdefinition of done\u201d appear in later<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/http:\/\/www.danube.com\/docs\/certifiedscrum\/csm.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> iterations<\/a> of Scrum training materials.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-86efa66 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Story Mapping<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Without giving it that name, Jeff Patton formulates the concepts of story mapping in \u201cIt\u2019s All in How You Slice It.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.jpattonassociates.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/how_you_slice_it.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2005<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-aaf5794 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006-2009<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Behavior Driven Development<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Several new tools are released, confirming the community\u2019s investment in Behavior Driven Development (BDD), such as RSpec, or more recently, Cucumber and GivWenZen.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006-2009<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-4197d04 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Project Chartering<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Jean Tabaka\u2019s book \u201dCollaboration Explained\u201d references <a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/project-chartering\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">project chartering<\/a> as one of the key practices for effective collaboration; though she explicitly cites Industrial XP, her presentation differs in several respects from the 2001 article, indicating a synthesis influenced by other sources.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0321268776\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-c6c4e73 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">given-when-then<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>In collaboration with Chris Matts, North proposes the given-when-then canvas to expand the scope of BDD to business analysis and documents the approach in \u201cIntroducing BDD.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-e52d908 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Niko-niko calendars<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Niko-niko calendars are first described by Akinori Sakata in this detailed web page, which describes how to make and use a Niko-niko Calendar.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/sites.google.com\/view\/niko-niko-calendar\/home\/en\" target=\"_blank\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-eadbc47 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">continuous deployment<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The first conference article describing the core of <a href=\"\/glossary\/continuous-deployment\/\">continuous deployment<\/a>, \u201dThe Deployment Production Line\u201d by Jez Humble, Chris Read and Dan North is published in the proceedings of Agile2006, a codification of the practices of several Thoughtworks UK teams.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1109\/AGILE.2006.53\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-5d558ad jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">heartbeat retrospectives<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The publication of Esther Derby and Diana Larsen\u2019s \u201dAgile Retrospectives\u201d brings to a close the codification of heartbeat retrospectives.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/dp\/0977616649\/&#038;tag=agileallian04-20\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2006<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e89fd23 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e89fd23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"2007\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#200F3B\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b03e53d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b03e53d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Agile Practices from 2007 - Present<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05106d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05106d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">This part of the Agile Practices timeline is still being edited and updated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4a0975 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b4a0975\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3563052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-timeline\" data-id=\"3563052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-timeline.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-timeline jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-timeline jet-timeline--align-center jet-timeline--align-middle\">\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline__line\"><div class=\"jet-timeline__line-progress\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t<div class=\"jet-timeline-list\"><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-19fc74a jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">KanbanDev<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/http:\/\/finance.groups.yahoo.com\/group\/kanbandev\/messages\/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">kanbandev<\/a>\u201d mailing list is formed to provide a venue for discussion of kanban-inspired Agile planning practices.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-5fb1fa6 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Kanban experience reports<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The first few experience reports from teams using the specific set of alterations known as \u201ckanban\u201d (no iterations, no estimates, continuous task boards with WIP limits) are published, including reports from Corbis (David Anderson) and BueTech (Arlo Belshee).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-5abe814 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">three-column task board<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The simplified three-column task board format (\u201cTo Do\u201d, \u201cIn Progress\u201d, \u201cDone\u201d) becomes, around that time, more popular and more standard than the original five-column version.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2007<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-4e66d2e jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Agile2008 Keynote<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Alan Cooper\u2019s keynote at Agile 2008 marked a formal reconciliation, of sorts, between Agile discourse and interaction design, which had long been perceived to be at odds; invited by \u201cthe Agile leadership\u201d as an \u201coutsider\u201d, Cooper came to be perceived over the following year as very much an \u201cinsider.\u201d<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-488300b jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">User Exprience<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The Agile 2008 conference features a stage dedicated to discussion of \u201cUser Experience\u201d practices, such as usability testing, personas, or paper prototyping.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-e08ebd1 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Exploratory Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>An emerging definition of exploratory testing is <a href=\"https:\/\/kaner.com\/?p=46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">given by Cem Kaner<\/a>, reflecting the continuing refinement of this approach to testing.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-4c236c0 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Backlog Refinement Formalized<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>One of the first formal descriptions of <a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/backlog-refinement\/\">backlog refinement<\/a> (aka backlog grooming) is given by Kane Mar, under the name \u201cStory Time\u201d, and recommending it as a regular meeting.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-9665212 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Story Mapping<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The story mapping practice is described and abundantly illustrated in Jeff Patton\u2019s \u201cThe new user story backlog is a map.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"http:\/\/www.jpattonassociates.com\/the-new-backlog\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-280f949 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">definition of ready<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><div class=\"timeline-block timeline-post-right\"><div class=\"timeline-header-block\"><div id=\"timeline-item-3666\" class=\"timeline-header\"><div class=\"ult-responsive timeline-item-spt\" data-ultimate-target=\"#timeline-item-3666 .timeline-item-spt\" data-responsive-json-new=\"{&quot;font-size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;line-height&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\">While the first few allusions to teams using a \u201cdefinition of ready\u201d date to the beginning of that year, the first formal description seems to be from October, and is incorporated into \u201cofficial\u201d Scrum training material shortly thereafter.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/scrumftw.blogspot.com\/2008\/10\/ready-ready-definition-of-ready-for.html\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2008<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-02746ba jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2009<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">continuous deployment<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The practice of continuous deployment has become well established, though still somewhat controversial, as a much commented upon article, \u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/timothyfitz.com\/2009\/02\/10\/continuous-deployment-at-imvu-doing-the-impossible-fifty-times-a-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Continuous Deployment at IMVU<\/a>\u201d by Timothy Fitz attests; it has become important not only in Agile but also as a core element of more specialized, recent strategies such as <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413053051\/http:\/\/radar.oreilly.com\/2009\/03\/continuous-deployment-5-eas.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lean Startup<\/a> or DevOps.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2009<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-1f6c5d8 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2009<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Organizations exploring Kanban<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Two entities dedicated to exploring the kanban approach are formed, one addressing business concerns, the LSSC<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/http:\/\/www.leanssc.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">,<\/a> and a more informal one aimed at giving the community more visibility: the Limited WIP Society.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2009<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-f717a9f jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2010<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Software Guided by Tests<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>A comprehensive description of integrating mock objects, TDD, and OO design is provided in Freeman and Pryce\u2019s \u201dGrowing Object-Oriented Software Guided by Tests.\u201d<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/growing-object-oriented-software.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the book<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2010<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-21a12bb jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2011<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Backlog Refinement Official<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The practice of <a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/glossary\/backlog-refinement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backlog refinement<\/a> (aka backlog grooming) is promoted to an \u201cofficial\u201d element of Scrum with its inclusion in the <a href=\"https:\/\/scrumguides.org\/scrum-guide.html#artifacts-productbacklog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scrum Guides<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2011<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-2b335ba jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2015<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">History of Pair Programming<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>James Coplien publishes\u00a0Two Heads are Better Than One\u00a0which provides an overview of the history of <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210413230714\/https:\/\/www.agilealliance.org\/glossary\/pairing\/\">Pair Programming<\/a> that traces its origins back to the mid 1980\u2019s, if not before.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2015<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-38e8595 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2017<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Definition of Agile Testing<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Janet Gregory and Lisa Crispin establish a\u00a0definition of Agile Testing, marking the first succinct definition of that topic.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agiletester.ca\/definition-agile-testing\/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the article<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2017<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ca9e23d jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2017<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">The Agile Practice Guide<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The first edition of the Agile Practice Guide<!--TgQPHd|[]--> was published by the Project Management Institute (PMI) in collaboration with the Agile Alliance on <!--qkimaf UKYfpc_g\/HugV6--><!--cqw1tb UKYfpc_g\/HugV6-->October 1, 2017<!--TgQPHd|[]--><!--TgQPHd|[]-->. The guide provides tools, situational guidelines, and an understanding of the various Agile approaches available to enable better results.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/agile-practice-guide\/\" target=\"_blank\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2017<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-90d9570 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">February 2024<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Reimagining Agile<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Launched during two virtual panel events with Sanjiv Augustine, Jim Highsmith, Jon Kern, and Heidi Musser, Reimagining Agile was formed as a loose working group to reimagine Agile by clarifying and strengthening Agile fundamentals, making them more accessible to everyone. The group felt that Agile needed to be <strong>extended<\/strong>\u00a0to respond to the relevant issues in 2024 and beyond.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/resources\/videos\/reimagining-agile-session-one\/\" target=\"_blank\">Watch the video<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">February 2024<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-2f1ddb1 jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">July 2025<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Enterprise Agility<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>The\u00a0<a title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/resources\/sessions\/jim-highsmith-on-the-enterprise-agility-manifesto\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Enterprise Agility Manifesto Initiative<\/a> was officially announced at Agile2025. This new joint effort from the Agile Alliance and the Project Management Institute (PMI) aimed to define what agility means at the organizational level. The initiative shifted the focus from scaling team-level practices to building the capacity to adapt across entire enterprises.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/resources\/sessions\/enterprise-agility-panel-discussion\/\">Watch the video<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">July 2025<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-60e60bf jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2025<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Reimagining Agility<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>Reimagining Agility is an Agile Alliance initiative to promote Agile and Agility by re-examining and clarifying the core <a href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/agile101\/the-agile-manifesto\/\">values and principles of Agile<\/a>\u00a0and extending those values and principles into new communities, such as product management, non-IT organizational units, and overall enterprise agility.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/reimagining-agility\/\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">2025<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"jet-timeline-item  elementor-repeater-item-ae4e7ab jet-timeline-item--image-inside\">\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card\">\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">March 2026<\/div><\/div><h5 class=\"timeline-item__card-title\">Manifesto for Enterprise Agility<\/h5><div class=\"timeline-item__card-desc\"><p>From an initiative led by PMI and Agile Alliance, the\u00a0<em>Manifesto for Enterprise Agility <\/em>establishes\u00a0<strong>adaptability<\/strong>\u00a0as the advantage organizations need to reinvent, respond to disruption, and create sustained value amid accelerating change. Unlock the values and principles that power enterprise-wide agility.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__card-btn-wrap\"><a class=\"timeline-item__card-btn elementor-button elementor-size-md\" role=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/manifesto-for-enterprise-agility\/\">Read the Manifesto<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"timeline-item__card-arrow\"><\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"timeline-item__point\"><div class=\"timeline-item__point-content timeline-item__point-content--icon\"><span class=\"jet-elements-icon\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-calendar-alt\"><\/i><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"timeline-item__meta\"><div class=\"timeline-item__meta-content\">March 2026<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac91347 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ac91347\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#371075\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd442ac elementor-align-center elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"fd442ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#top\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-long-arrow-alt-up\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Back to Top<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-721f77c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"721f77c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-81646fd\" data-id=\"81646fd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6e2140 elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"f6e2140\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"8084726\" class=\"elementor elementor-8084726\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\">\n\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#371075\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54c228d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54c228d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;gradient&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-title-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a158832 grader elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a158832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ready to join Agile Alliance?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-text-color=\"#FFFFFF\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67db074 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67db074\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Unlock members-only access to online learning sessions, Agile resources, annual conference discounts, and more! And when you join, you&#8217;ll be supporting our member initiatives, regional events, and global community groups.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1566ae0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1566ae0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div data-dce-background-color=\"#FFFFFF00\" class=\"dce-visibility-event elementor-element elementor-element-5f391d3 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5f391d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;enabled_visibility&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;dce_visibility_selected&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6IjgwOTQwMTEiLCJ0b2dnbGUiOmZhbHNlfQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Log in now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c660c0 elementor-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-mobile-align-justify elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3c660c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/membership\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Layer_1\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 123.05 101.26\"><defs><style>      .cls-1 {        fill: currentColor;      }    <\/style><\/defs><polygon class=\"cls-1\" points=\"123.05 50.63 76.39 0 66.19 10.2 95.56 43.47 0 43.47 0 57.79 95.56 57.79 66.19 91.06 76.39 101.26 123.05 50.63 123.05 50.63 123.05 50.63\"><\/polygon><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Learn more<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<!-- dce invisible element b394887 -->\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trace the history and evolution of Agile from its roots in 1968, and learn how it has evolved through the years in this interactive timeline.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6000331,"featured_media":8097437,"parent":16,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_tec_requires_first_save":true,"_EventAllDay":false,"_EventTimezone":"","_EventStartDate":"","_EventEndDate":"","_EventStartDateUTC":"","_EventEndDateUTC":"","_EventShowMap":false,"_EventShowMapLink":false,"_EventURL":"","_EventCost":"","_EventCostDescription":"","_EventCurrencySymbol":"","_EventCurrencyCode":"","_EventCurrencyPosition":"","_EventDateTimeSeparator":"","_EventTimeRangeSeparator":"","_EventOrganizerID":[],"_EventVenueID":[],"_OrganizerEmail":"","_OrganizerPhone":"","_OrganizerWebsite":"","_VenueAddress":"","_VenueCity":"","_VenueCountry":"","_VenueProvince":"","_VenueState":"","_VenueZip":"","_VenuePhone":"","_VenueURL":"","_VenueStateProvince":"","_VenueLat":"","_VenueLng":"","_VenueShowMap":false,"_VenueShowMapLink":false,"_tribe_blocks_recurrence_rules":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_description":"","_tribe_blocks_recurrence_exclusions":"","ep_exclude_from_search":false,"_jf_limit_responses":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6000331"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25"}],"version-history":[{"count":116,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8107956,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25\/revisions\/8107956"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/16"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8097437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/agilealliance.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}